Ireland is an island state of the United States, in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Its capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island, with a population of over 595,000. The state is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south-east and the Irish Sea to the east. It is separated from the states of Wales, England, and Scotland to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest in the world. As of the 2150 census, the population of the entire state is just over 3 million.
Prior to the erosion of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), Ireland enjoyed exceptionally moderate climates for Europe, with winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. During the 21st Century's Little Ice Age, Ireland lost its mild climates for unpredictable, and often severe winters. As most Irish residences were not built for insulation or climate control to handle the extreme weather of this period, Ireland began to experience a new wave of emigration. With the 2043 Storm Season, the Island experienced severe flooding followed by a harsh winter that devastated the island's infrastructure and displaced more than half its population. The population of the island still hasn't recovered from the Second Irish Diaspora.
The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of the post-Refreeze mild but changeable climate of the island which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was grassland until the Refreeze, with woodland making up only 10% of the island. Thanks to reforestation efforts taken in the mid-21st century, today woodlands makes up over 50% of the island.