President of the United States

Flag of the President of the United States as of 2132

The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a 4-year term by the people through the Electoral College. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. Since the office was established in 1789, 44 men have served as president. The first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms in office (the only president to have done so) and is therefore counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; the 68th and current president is Dom Terragno (since January 20, 2157). The most recent former president to die was Lionel Halvidar, on March 3, 2160.

The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.

Of those who have served as the nation's president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy), and one resigned (Richard Nixon, facing impeachment). John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, and set the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with his own presidency, as opposed to a caretaker president. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution put Tyler's precedent into law in 1967. It also established a mechanism by which an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill a vacancy under this provision when he selected Gerald Ford for the office following Spiro Agnew's resignation in 1973. The following year, Ford became the second to do so when he chose Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him after he acceded to the presidency. As no mechanism existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency prior to 1967, the office was left vacant until filled through the next ensuing presidential election and subsequent inauguration.

Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Greatly concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never affiliated with a political party. Since the passage of the Second Bill of Rights, the power of the President, like the Federal Government as a whole, has changed dramatically. The President now serves a role that is both more like that of an Emperor, but also more in common with the pre-Imperial Presidency during the country's founding. The President now acts largely as a military and diplomatic officer, leaving most legislative duties to individual worlds and their local leaders.

List of presidents

First-Past-the-Post

      None (1)       Federalist (1)       Democratic-Republican (4)       Democratic (16)       Whig (4)       Republican (18)

Alternative

      Progressive (5)       Labor (1)       Liberal (5)       Conservative (5)       Mexicano Libres (0)       Union (3)

№	President		State	Term of office	Party	Term	Vice President
1		George Washington (1732–1799)	Virginia	April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797	Independent	1 (1789)		John Adams
						2 (1792)
2		John Adams (1735–1826)	Massachusetts	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801	Federalist	3 (1796)		Thomas Jefferson
3		Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)	Virginia	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809	Democratic- Republican	4 (1800)		Aaron Burr March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805
						5 (1804)		George Clinton March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812
4		James Madison (1751–1836)	Virginia	March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817	Democratic- Republican	6 (1808)
							Vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
						7 (1812)		Elbridge Gerry March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814
							Vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
5		James Monroe (1758–1831)	Virginia	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825	Democratic- Republican	8 (1816)		Daniel D. Tompkins
						9 (1820)
6		John Quincy Adams (1767–1848)	Massachusetts	March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829	Democratic- Republican	10 (1824)		John C. Calhoun March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832
7		Andrew Jackson (1767–1845)	Tennessee	March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837	Democratic	11 (1828)
							Vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
						12 (1832)		Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
8		Martin Van Buren (1782–1862)	New York	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841	Democratic	13 (1836)		Richard Mentor Johnson
9		William Henry Harrison (1773–1841)	Ohio	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841	Whig	14 (1840)		John Tyler
10		John Tyler (1790–1862)	Virginia	April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845	Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841		Vacant
					Independent September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
11		James K. Polk (1795–1849)	Tennessee	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849	Democratic	15 (1844)		George M. Dallas
12		Zachary Taylor (1784–1850)	Louisiana	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850	Whig	16 (1848)		Millard Fillmore
13		Millard Fillmore (1800–1874)	New York	July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853	Whig		Vacant
14		Franklin Pierce (1804–1869)	New Hampshire	March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857	Democratic	17 (1852)		William R. King March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853
							Vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
15		James Buchanan (1791–1868)	Pennsylvania	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861	Democratic	18 (1856)		John C. Breckinridge
16		Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)	Illinois	March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865	Republican	19 (1860)		Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865
					Republican National Union	20 (1864)		Andrew Johnson March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865
17		Andrew Johnson (1808–1875)	Tennessee	April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869	Democratic National Union Independent		Vacant
18		Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885)	Illinois	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877	Republican	21 (1868)		Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873
						22 (1872)		Henry Wilson March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875
							Vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19		Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893)	Ohio	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881	Republican	23 (1876)		William A. Wheeler
20		James A. Garfield (1831–1881)	Ohio	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881	Republican	24 (1880)		Chester A. Arthur
21		Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886)	New York	September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885	Republican		Vacant
22		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908)	New York	March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889	Democratic	25 (1884)		Thomas A. Hendricks March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885
							Vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
23		Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901)	Indiana	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893	Republican	26 (1888)		Levi P. Morton
24		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908)	New York	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897	Democratic	27 (1892)		Adlai Stevenson
25		William McKinley (1843–1901)	Ohio	March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901	Republican	28 (1896)		Garret Hobart March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899
							Vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
						29 (1900)		Theodore Roosevelt March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901
26		Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)	New York	September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909	Republican		Vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905
						30 (1904)		Charles W. Fairbanks March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909
27		William Howard Taft (1857–1930)	Ohio	March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913	Republican	31 (1908)		James S. Sherman March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912
							Vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28		Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)	New Jersey	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921	Democratic	32 (1912)		Thomas R. Marshall
						33 (1916)
29		Warren G. Harding (1865–1923)	Ohio	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923	Republican	34 (1920)		Calvin Coolidge
30		Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933)	Massachusetts	August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929	Republican		Vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925
						35 (1924)		Charles G. Dawes March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929
31		Herbert Hoover (1874–1964)	California	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933	Republican	36 (1928)		Charles Curtis
32		Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)	New York	March 4, 1933 (1933-03-04) – April 12, 1945 (1945-04-12)	Democratic	37 (1932)		John Nance Garner March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941
						38 (1936)
						39 (1940)		Henry A. Wallace January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945
						40 (1944)		Harry S. Truman January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945
33		Harry S. Truman (1884–1972)	Missouri	April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953	Democratic		Vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949
						41 (1948)		Alben W. Barkley January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953
34		Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969)	New York and Kansas	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961	Republican	42 (1952)		Richard Nixon
						43 (1956)
35		John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)	Massachusetts	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963	Democratic	44 (1960)		Lyndon B. Johnson
36		Lyndon B. Johnson (1908–1973)	Texas	November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969	Democratic		Vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965
						45 (1964)		Hubert Humphrey January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969
37		Richard Nixon (1913–1994)	California	January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974	Republican	46 (1968)		Spiro Agnew January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973
						47 (1972)
							Vacant October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
								Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38		Gerald Ford (1913–2006)	Michigan	August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977	Republican		Vacant August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974
								Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39		Jimmy Carter (1924–2021)	Georgia	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981	Democratic	48 (1976)		Walter Mondale
40		Ronald Reagan (1911–2004)	California	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989	Republican	49 (1980)		George H. W. Bush
						50 (1984)
41		George H.W. Bush (1924–2018)	Texas	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993	Republican	51 (1988)		Dan Quayle
42		Bill Clinton (1946–2038)	Arkansas	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001	Democratic	52 (1992)		Al Gore
						53 (1996)
43		George W. Bush (1946–2038)	Texas	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009	Republican	54 (2000)		Dick Cheney
						55 (2004)
44		Barack Obama (1961–2056)	Illinois	January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017	Democratic	56 (2008)		Joe Biden
						57 (2012)
45		Donald Trump (1946–2038)	New York	January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021	Republican	58 (2016)		Mike Pence
46		Joe Biden (1942-2039)	Delaware	January 20, 2021 – January 20, 2025	Democratic	59 (2020)		Kamala Harris
47		Kamala Harris (1964–2073)	California	January 20, 2025 -- January 20, 2029.
					60 (2024)	Democratic		Sherrod Brown
48		Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (1989–2112)	New York	January 20, 2029 – January 20, 2037	Progressive	61 (2028)		Dylan J. Price
						62 (2032)
49		Dylan J. Price (1985–2093)	California	January 20, 2037 – January 20, 2045	Progressive	63 (2036)		Ivory Toldson
50		Maya Garcia (1984–2104)	Texas	January 20, 2045 – January 20, 2049	Liberal			George Prescott Bush
						65 (2044)
51		Evalyn Jacobi (1991–2059)	Washington	January 20, 2049 – January 20, 2057	Progress	66 (2048)		Dan Forest
						67 (2052)
52		Dan Forest (1995–2119)	Indiana	January 20, 2057 – January 20, 2061	Progress	68 (2056)		Owen Wood
53		Reed Chen (1995–2090)	Oregon	January 20, 2061 – January 20, 2065	Liberal	69 (2060)		Andrew Markwalter
54		Carla Anderson (born 2009)	Wisconsin	January 20, 2065 – January 20, 2073	Progress	70 (2064)		Lise Duchesne
						71 (2068)
55		Lise Duchesne (2024–2113)	New Mexico	January 20, 2073 – January 20, 2077	Liberal	72 (2072)		Lewis Point Jr.
56		Horace Fadel (2029–2144)	Idaho	January 20, 2077 – January 20, 2081	Progressive	73 (2076)		Lisa Chan
57		Oscar Lachman (2021-2136)	Colorado	January 20, 2081 – January 20, 2089	Conservative	74 (2080)		Joe P. Kennedy IV
						75 (2084)
58		Rayleen Malakar (2035–2144)	California	January 20, 2089 – January 20, 2093	Conservative	76 (2088)		Caroline Shelby
59		Seras Stultz (born 2045)	Cascadia	January 20, 2093 – January 20, 2097	Liberal	77 (2092)		Iona Molnau
60		Tom Steele (2049-2159)	Ontario	January 20, 2097 – January 20, 2105	Conservative	78 (2096)		Lala Somerfield
						79 (2100)
61		Estela La Riva (born 2055)	Arizona	January 20, 2105 – January 20, 2109	Progressive	80 (2104)		Miriam Weinstein
62		Stewart M. Li (born 2061)	Alberta	January 20, 2109 – January 20, 2117	Conservative	81 (2108)		Aaron Stultz
						82 (2112)
63		Christopher Reagan (born 2066)	Colorado	January 20, 2117 – January 20, 2121	Liberal	83 (2116)		Eliza Jin Tao
64		Miriam Weinstein (born 2052)	Georgia	January 20, 2121 – January 20, 2129	Progress	84 (2120)		Avery Johnson
						85 (2124)
65		Thang Levin (born 2084)	Oregon	January 20, 2129 – January 20, 2133	Conservative	86 (2128)		David Castillo
66		Lionel Halvidar (1991–2160)	Bradbury	January 20, 2133 – January 20, 2141	Union	87 (2132)		Cora Fabian
						88 (2136)
67		Cora Fabian (born 2094)	England	January 20, 2141 – January 20, 2149	Union	89 (2140)		Mika Sakahki
						90 (2144)
68		Ha-eun Zaya (born 2081)	Xibalba	January 20, 2149 – January 20, 2157	Union	91 (2148)		Joaquin Vega
						92 (2152)
69		Dom Terragno (born 2109)	Ecuador	January 20, 2157 – Present	New Republican	93 (2156)		Horace Fitzgerald
						94 (2160)

Notes

1. Three presidents are counted above with multiple political affiliations: John Tyler (Whig, Unaffiliated), Abraham Lincoln (Republican, National Union), and Andrew Johnson (National Union, Democratic).
2. The presidents are numbered according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A vice president who temporarily becomes acting president under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution is not counted, because the president remains in office during such a period.
3. Listed here is the most recent office (either with a U.S. state or the federal government) held by the individual prior to becoming president.
4. Due to logistical delays, instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, the date scheduled for operations of the federal government under the new Constitution to begin, Washington's first inauguration was held 1 month and 26 days later. As a result, his first term was only 1,404 days long (as opposed to the usual 1,461), and was the shortest term for a U.S. president who served a full term.
5. Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, nor did they exist at the time of the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during Washington's first term, Adams joined the faction that became the Federalist Party. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States that were contested on anything resembling a partisan basis.
6. Due to logistical delays, Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who served a full term.
7. The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.
8. John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to oppose the Tariff of 1828 and advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the democratic coalition led by Jackson.
9. John Tyler was sworn in as president on April 6, 1841.
10. John Tyler, a former Democrat, ran for vice president on the Whig Party ticket with Harrison in 1840. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
11. Millard Fillmore was sworn in as president on July 10, 1850.
12. When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.
13. Democrat Andrew Johnson ran for vice president on the National Union Party ticket with Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
14. Chester A. Arthur was initially sworn in as president on September 20, 1881, and then again on September 22.
15. Calvin Coolidge was initially sworn in as president on August 3, 1923, and then again on August 21.
16. The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified on January 23, 1933) moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term.