A planetary commonwealth of the United States of America is one of the constituent political entities that shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each U.S. commonwealth and the U.S. federal government, an American is a citizen of both the federal republic and of his or her planet of domicile. Planetary citizenship and residency are flexible and no government approval is required to move between worlds.
Planetary commonwealths are divided into states and territories, which may be assigned some local governmental authority and are partially sovereign. Planetary governments are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual constitutions. By ratifying the United States Constitution, the commonwealths transferred certain limited sovereign powers to the federal government. Historically, the tasks of law enforcement, public education, public health, transportation, and infrastructure have generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, although all of these now have significant federal funding and regulation as well.
The United States Congress may admit new commonwealths on an equal footing with existing ones.
List of commonwealths[]
| # | Commonwealth | Capitol | States | Ratification‡ or Admission | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Earth
|
San Francisco | 146 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 9 billion |
| 2 |  Luna
|
Armstrong | 30 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 63 million |
| 3 |  Mars
|
Bradbury | 500 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 3 billion |
| 4 |  Jupiter
|
Galileo | 26 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 340 million |
| 5 |  Saturn
|
Minas Tirith | 25 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 149 million |
| 6 |  Neptune
|
Aigai | 15 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 122 million |
| 7 |  Venus
|
Themyscira | 94 | July 4, 2137 ‡ | 1 billion |
| 8 |  Uranus
|
Herschel | 14 | April 12, 2151 | 56 Million |